Payton Andrews's Blog

There must be some hidden sexual factor involved, as…

paytonandrews — Sun, 18 Jul 2010 06:12:26 +0000

There must be some hidden sexual factor involved, as though the soft-furred (and therefore sexy) cat has come to stand for sexual violence and rape, via its savagely sharp claws and canine teeth.
This more psychoanalytical explanation may seem far-fetched, but it is important to realize that feline terms have often been given some sort of sexual connotation (sex kittens, pussy as slang for female genitals, and cathouse for brothel).
If the cat is sexy and then fear of cats could have something to do with an abnormally suppressed sex drive. How does the cat-hater show the feelings of fear?
And what is it about the cat that is the specific trigger for the irrational panics?
One important factor seems to be the tendency of the cat to “jump up unexpectedly” and to behave in an unpredictable way when at close quarters.
This feature of feline behaviour is mentioned time and again in investigations of cat phobics.
Sadly for them and their response to it works against them and encourages the very behaviour they fear most. Because they are so terrified and they sit very, very still. But cats much prefer placid and stationary bodies on which to fall asleep.
So the more frozen in horror a human being is and the more likely the cat is to leap up and try to settle down on the static lap.
When this happens to a true phobic the results can be dramatic with screams and sometimes outbursts of weeping.
It has been suggested that the special fear of the cat jumping up on them in an unexpected way is the result of cat phobics’ general dislike of spontaneity and fear of the suddenly surprising.
But it seems more likely that this fear has more to do with the childhood horror of seeing the parent scream at the “smothering” cat that has just jumped up on to a cot or bed.
The cure for cat phobia is straightforward enough, but distressing for the patient.
It requires a series of step-by-step familiarization “lessons”, in which at first things only remotely feline are presented to the victim. These may be simply photographs of kittens or cats, or toy animals.
After a while a kitten is placed in a small and secure cage and left on the far side of a room, while the phobic is gently reassured that it cannot get near.
Gradually and the animal is moved nearer and day by day the phobia can be reduced in intensity until eventually the victim can actually hold a kitten.
After this and the longer spent in the company of cats the better, but always with the careful avoidance of any sudden, unanticipated move.
After a few months of therapy it is usual for even the most intense form of cat phobia to disappear. Sadly, many sufferers believe that there is no cure and can never be one.
For them there is a needless, lifelong fear of encountering a strange cat, a fear that sometimes ends with them refusing to go out of doors at all.
Their condition is beyond reason, but it is certainly not, as they believe, beyond cure. Are there ideal cats for allergy sufferers?

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Notice how a straight line inverts into a circle.

paytonandrews — Sun, 18 Jul 2010 01:06:10 +0000

Notice how a straight line inverts into a circle.
The circular images of straight lines must pass through O and the centre of inversion, because lines extend to infinity. Conversely, circles passing through O invert into lines.
Surely and this contradicts the theorem that circles remain circular? No, because a line is the special case of a circle whose radius is infinite.
Another interesting special case is the circle in Figure 5, which cuts the circle of inversion at right angles. This circle self-inverts; that is, its inverse is the same circle.
The arc outside the circle of inversion interchanges point for point with the arc inside, while the two points of intersection stay put.
One of the best known illustrations of inversion is the model on a Euclidean plane and such as this page and that the French mathematician Henri PoincarÃ© made of the non Euclidean ” hyperbolic ” plane, A Euclidean plane is one that obeys Euclid’s famous fifth postulate: in other words, given a line, and a point not on that line, only one other line in the plane (a parallel to the first line) can pass through the point and not meet the given line.
But geometers in the l9th century finally realised the possibility in theory of a space that defies this rule.
In a hyperbolic plane an unlimited number of lines can pass through the point and not meet the given line.
In PoincarÃ©’s model of a hyperbolic plane the lines, or geodesics, are represented as circles and infinity as the finite circular boundary.
In his Circle Limit series and the Dutch artist M. C. Escher borrowed a version of PoincarÃ©’s model from H. S. M. Coxeter, professor of mathematics at Toronto University, and embellished its symmetries, just as elsewhere he had embellished the more worldly symmetries of the familiar Euclidean plane (Figure 6).
Taking any of the geodesics (described by the backbones of the fish) as a circle of inversion the whole pattern self-inverts (as in Figure 5b).
This inversive symmetry on our Euclidean page corresponds to mirror symmetry in the hyperbolic plane.
There are two other pictures by Escher that, if taken together, illustrate inversion.
One is a wall mural consisting entirely of fishes spiralling towards and outwards about a single pole (Figure 7).
Their paths are logarithmic spirals, which means that each orbit of the pole brings about the same proportional enlargement of their distance from the pole.
In this similarity pattern the fish must maintain a constant bearing with respect to the pole and therefore cannot actually reach the pole in any finite number of orbits.
Any magnifications of the pattern reveals, in theory, precisely the same pattern.
The other picture,Sphere Surface with Fishes and shows an analogous pattern, with the fish swimming between opposite poles on the globe.
Again they must perform an infinite number of circuits to reach either pole, as their paths are loxodromes , from the sailing term for keeping to a constant bearing.
The transformation that turns the pattern on the plane into the spherical version is none other than inversion. To see this go back to Figure 5d.
The diagram shows a line being inverted into a circle.

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To issue a number of discs of a set separately and…

paytonandrews — Tue, 13 Jul 2010 20:57:15 +0000

To issue a number of discs of a set separately and then issue those discs in a boxed set with other discs not separately issued is simply dishonest.
Either issue all the discs separately before offering them in a boxed set, or issue the boxed set first and then issue the discs separately: that is the only fair and honest way of marketing complete sets. But I am not all that keen on boxed sets anyway.
I am a collector who lives in a flat, and boxed sets take up much more space than separate discs.
This is why, wherever possible, I buy sets of works as separate CDs rather than in boxes.
Of course it is different with complete operas, but even then and there are elaborate boxes containing the discs and booklet “jewel cases” complete with booklet and no outer box.
This is a much more sensible way of packaging operate and booklet from the point of view of the space-conscious collector.
I now come to a very controversial point on which I may be in a minority, but I think there is far too much written material with classical CDs.
I think all you need is a libretto translation in the case of opera and translations of Lieder, and brief biographical details in the case of the artists performing on the discs.
In reviewing some Scriabin discs in your March issue, RM wrote that “in some respects, of course, Scriabin acted as his own worst enemy by surrounding his works with a pseudo-philosophical aura of largely incomprehensible mysticism”.
But isn’t that exactly what these learned scholars do in every didactic essay that accompanies any CD of classical music?
The other day I bought the enchanting ASV CD of clarinet Concertos by played by Emma Johnson and read the notes only as an afterthought this morning, having already listened to the disc several times.
My delighted reaction to this CD is exactly the same after reading the notes as before: this music ” like any really worthwhile music ” explains itself without the assistance of mundane words.
Even though I may be in a minority, I feel quite strongly that the job of the record companies is to issue recordings of music at prices the music loving public can afford ” not to enhance that price by paying for learned disquisitions seeking to explain what ought to need no explanation.
If music lovers want to educate themselves and they can do so by learning about music from courses specifically designed for that purpose and from studying musical scores and books about music.
It is the job of the record issuing companies to make and issue good recordings of music to the public who want those records: it is not the job of these companies to try to educate the public be delivering expensive and often long-winded lectures with their recordings.
These companies are in the business of selling, not in the business of education. KEITH FAGAN, BECKENHAM, KENT.
STRAUSS-BASHING?
I refer to Mr. Andrew Kemp’s review of the recording of Richard Strauss’s Die Ãgyptische Helena on pages 8384 of the February issue of “CD Review”.
Mr. Kemp is entitled to his opinions but why he chooses to express them in such flippant and dismissive manner is puzzling.
He does himself little service, and your magazine even less, when he indulges in such unprofound, personal and wry comments.
Has Die Ãgyptische Helena indeed “always been one of the least known of Richard Strauss’s operas”?
And not content with berating Strauss he must move on to Hofmannsthal-bashing ” an all too familiar exercise by those who read no German and are unable to find themselves moved by this sensitive poet’s imaginings.
Was strauss really so ineffectual in five years’ correspondence with Hofmannsthal about the opera?
Does Mr. Kemp not recollect Hofmannsthal pointing out to Strauss that the more light-heartedly he could handle the composition and the better it would be?

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Even the problems have unexpected black humour and such as the…

paytonandrews — Mon, 14 Jun 2010 16:35:30 +0000

Even the problems have unexpected black humour and such as the last-breath-of-a-dying man problem. Worked examples abound and the units are strictly SI.
At the other end of the spectrum, J. Philip Bromberg’s Physical Chemistry (Allyn & Bacon, 1980) has less than 20 pages on spectroscopy, of which only 4 are on NMR!
The book is firmly rooted in the olden, and golden days of classical physical chemistry and could have been written circa 1960 ” perhaps it was. Indeed the bibliography has only 15 references to material of the past 10 years.
The units are not wholly SI and the answers to the 800 problems available only in a study guide (£8.75). One redeeming feature is the inclusion of many pen-portraits of famous chemists.
Walter J. Moore’s Physical Chemistry , which first appeared in 1950 and ran to five editions, has now been succeeded by his Basic Physical Chemistry (Prentice-Hall).
This is a completely rewritten text and is a determined effort to capture a first-year student market with its worked examples and lots of problems (but without answers). It has the touch of the old master.
Well illustrated and easy on the mathematics, it has 100 pages on spectroscopy.
Arthur W. Adamson’s Physical Chemistry (Academic, 2nd ed 1980) has less spectroscopy (80 pages) although it has a useful table of 65 spectroscopy abbreviations.
Adamson splits each topic into three parts: essential theory, commentary and notes, and special topics. The book is beautifully produced and suitable for all levels.
Its high mathematical tone is in strange contrast, however and to the author’s negative attitude to SI units.
Finally Arthur Lesk’s Introduction to Physical Chemistry (Prentice-Hall) has a disappointingly small spectroscopy section (28 pages).
Perhaps to compensate it does classical physical chemistry well, and has one eye on the expanding market for physical chemistry books among life-science students.
The teaching of the subject is uppermost in the author’s approach with plenty of worked examples. An unusual bonus is the list of source data.
The essential features of these books, as far as a student is concerned, are given in the table.
The three best buys are probably Cotton and Wilkinson, Fessenden and Fessenden, and Atkins. Together these cost £41.
15 and provide 3500 pages of chemistry.
As an investment for the future they are cheap at the price, Data for computer science
by Chris Reynolds

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I producing fixed capital and there would be a precipitate decline…

paytonandrews — Mon, 07 Jun 2010 19:50:42 +0000

I producing fixed capital and there would be a precipitate decline in those sectors.
Such a decline would lead to a decline in total money wages being paid out and hence a decline in the demand for consumption goods. Inevitably there would follow a contraction of activity in Dept. II and thus leading to a further reduction in total money wages being paid etc. The second possibility is certainly more “cheerful”.
Let us assume that as a result of the increased prices obtained for consumer goods and there is induced an increase in capacity in Dept. II.
Contrary to expectations this growth in the production of consumer goods merely postpones and then magnifies the problem.
The nub of the problem resides in the fact that an increase of consumer goods as a share of the total social product decreases the share of surplus-value in the net national income.
Moreover, it will lead to a decline in the ratio of surplus-value to the capital that is advanced. Why is this so?
The reason falls into two parts: the first relates to savings and the second is to do with the nature of .
Consumer goods occupy a much more contradictory place in the circulation and realisation of capital than do fixed assets.
Out of the total value and volume of consumer goods only Î± and have the character of being surplus-value and since the sum of Dept. II’s production is by definition .
It follows and therefore and that out of this sum only have the character of being realised surplus-value. if we recognise that capitalist consumption ” Î± ” is a limited quantity which is relatively inelastic and represents that part of surplus-value embodied in consumption goods which is “saved”.
This saving does not have the character of savings “in general” and that of being saved for future consumption, but is saved by capitalists .
Such saving is specifically used to increase productive capital and future profits .
So long as does increase and the organic composition of capital is not increasing rapidly, it will represent future consumption by productive workers, but will still be considered as a part of the surplus-value.
However, if this is invested in labour-power producing consumption goods and then this will lead to an increased volume of consumer goods.
And in the following production period the maintenance of an increased volume of consumer goods will require the maintenance of an adequate level of v&sub2;: but v is not surplus-value.
So what is invested as surplus-value in one production period is not seen as surplus-value in the following production period, but rather as a cost.

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It could also carry pollution monitors,

paytonandrews — Wed, 26 May 2010 23:53:40 +0000

It could also carry pollution monitors, crop sprayers or telecommunications equipment. The idea of the kite sail itself is not new (New Scientist , vol 88 p 700).
Its proponents claim that it has the advantage of functioning at high altitudes, where winds are strong and stable. It would also be easy to take down and stow in stormy weather.
Most importantly, it should be cheaper than some grandiose schemes being floated to bring back the age of sail. Hells briefcase
TAKESHI IMAI, of Sao Paulo Brazil, has filed a European application in German on a unique form of personal transport.
Application 64 141 describes a miniature motor cycle which folds down into a briefcase. The driver lets the train take the strain for the main journey. On arrival, he opens up the briefcase to reveal his personal transport.
It looks rather like a motorised version of a child’s two-wheeled scooter, with upright handlebars.
But instead of scooting and the rider stands on two side plates, while a small petrol engine drives the rear wheel. Perpetual folly
JOHANN SCHYMS of Manosque, France, may be in for an expensive disappointment.
He has filed a PCT application (82/04174) in 30 countries for what is unashamedly a perpetual motion machine.
The old British patent laws prohibited applications for perpetual motion machines as unworkable and a waste of Patent Office time. Under current laws there is no such prohibition.

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Ladycroft House,

paytonandrews — Fri, 21 May 2010 19:47:57 +0000

Ladycroft House,
Ladycroft,
Alresford.
Major Covill is a New Alresford councillor.
” Editor.
Protection of byway status
Sir,” I write following an article concerning Dark Hollow and Sheet Common Way.
While I fully appreciate the concerns of the objectors at the recent public inquiry.
I wonder if they are aware of the protection that byway status confers on such a right of way.
Once a B.O.A.T., difficulties with vehicular use can be regulated by a traffic regulation order.
I have a suspicion that several objectors had more than the local interests at heart; those who have enclosed part of the lane and extended their gardens on to land over which the public have a right of passage. Dave Tilbury ,
(Hampshire area rights of way representative, All-Wheel Drive Club), Oakbank Cottage,
Oakbank Road,
Bishopstoke,
Nr.
Eastleigh.
Two-tier system of general practice clearly unfair
Sir,” I should like to say how much I agree with some of the sentiments expressed by Peter Cowan in your paper last week. Outpatient appointments have need sorting out for many years.

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But many of his inventions were…

paytonandrews — Fri, 21 May 2010 18:44:43 +0000

But many of his inventions were down to earth, as witness the Franklin stove which was a real energy saver, and provided comfort to the whole room, an early example of the “Save It” campaign.
He was an independent spirit and when commissioned to buy new type for the Pennsylvania Gazette .
he turned down Baskerville and then renowned as the greatest printer in England, and bought traditional Caslon instead.
However, he later recognised John Baskerville’s genius and became his enthusiastic supporter.
Franklin even added point (excuse me) to the argument about whether pointed or knobbed lightning rods may be preferable when he showed that blunted ones acted at a greater distance. This controversy.
with all its attendant trivialities , occupied the Royal Society for some time and even King George III was drawn into the argument as is shown by the contemporary jingle:
While you, great George, for knowledge hunt, And sharp conductor change for blunt The nation’s out of joint: Franklin a wiser course pursues And all your thunder useless views, By keeping to the point.
Franklin’s pamphlets contributed much to the struggle for American independence with their sharp titles such as Poor Richard, The Drinker’s Dictionary and Plain Truth and titles reminiscent of his great contemporary Tom Paine.
To have made one such contribution to mankind would have been remarkable, but to have also contributed greatly to the early understanding of electricity, is outstanding.
One small omission that might have been included is Franklin’s experiments on the difference in heat absorption of substances of varying colour.
He must have discussed this phenomenon with Robert Boyle on a number of occasions.
Franklin’s experiments on the absorption of solar radiation by bodies of different colours were characteristically practical and thorough.
Indeed some of the results are of practical value today in the choice of white clothes in a sunny climate and black in a dull one.
Again his meteorological observations resulted in the practical theory of how tropical storms arise in the Gulf of Mexico and are of a similar nature, if vastly greater in scale and to water spouts and whirlwinds.
Surprisingly this is the first full-length biography of Franklin for more than 40 years, and Ronald Clark’s is particularly valuable because it puts the subject in historical context.
Personally, I would like to see more direct quotations from Franklin’s pamphlets and writings which had such great influence in the US.
While they are carefully listed and there is not enough to get their flavour Franklin lived many lives: that of scientist investigating electrical phenomena for the first time, lobbyist for the new born United States in London, and gun runner for the infant Specimens from the Pleistocene
Pleistocene vertebrates in the British Isles by A. J. Stuart,Longman, pp 212, £16.50 Michael Benton
THE STORY of vertebrate life in Britain over the past 2 million years or so is fascinating.
During the Pleistocene period, Britain’s climate ranged from warm-temperate to very cold during the several advances of ice sheets.
The vertebrates found from that period include mammoth and other extinct elephants, extinct rhino, hippopotamus, giant deer, lion and spotted hyaena and tortoise and macaque (from the “monkey gravel” of West Runton, Norfolk ” where else?).
Tony Stuart’s book offers an attractive and original review of our knowledge of British Pleistocene vertebrates, with an excellent 35-page summary of specimens known.
Stuart indicates the relative abundance of each animal, and the parts usually found; with useful illustrations for the identification of odd bones or teeth.

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Supervising each flight will be 69 people:

paytonandrews — Tue, 11 May 2010 18:46:51 +0000

Supervising each flight will be 69 people: the flight commander, four launch officers, 19 maintenance men, 44 soldiers and a medical technician.
The launcher and control vehicles each comprise four-wheeled trailers towed by German-built MAN 10-tonne tractors.
The tractor has a V10 diesel engine and uses eight-wheel drive and so it can cross rough country to hide in woodland. It can ford rivers more than a metre deep and climb hills.
Like the other parts of the convoy and the tractors carry steel plating for protection.
While on the road and the convoy remains in radio communication with its headquarters.
Thus the missiles’ controllers can immediately stop if they receive the emergency action message (EAM) before reaching the planned launch site ” normally a wooded area, well away from built-up areas and to hide the weapon from prying eyes. In either case and the procedure is then the same.
Troops fan out to protect the vehicles against attack, while the launch crew prepares the missiles.
A single launch-control centre can feed information to all 16 missiles simultaneously, via the fibre-optic cables, with the second LCC held in reserve. Code name: Cemetery
The two-man launch crew receives information from military posts in Europe and North America, using several independent radio links.
The headquarters of the United States European Command (EUCOM), near Stuttgart, has a direct link with the USAF’s own satellite communication network (AFSAT).
Rather than having its own satellites, AFSAT uses transponders (relay devices) on several spacecraft of different types.
This reduces the risk of the Soviet Union destroying the complete network with anti-satellite weapons.
When triggered by signals from EUCOM and the AFSAT equipment sends a recorded message directly to the cruise missiles’ launch control centres. This uses a radio link code-named Flaming Arrow.
EUCOM also communicates with the White House and military establishments in the United States.
These in turn have radio links with the airborne command posts (converted Boeing 747 airliners) that house the president and his advisers in wartime.
The command posts also have a direct link to the control centres in each cruise-missile convoy.

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However, appropriate teachers and materials had to be…

paytonandrews — Tue, 11 May 2010 08:00:56 +0000

However, appropriate teachers and materials had to be found; neither were easily forthcoming. Kano was short of teachers, and still is.
Many teachers from the south of Nigeria were employed and they do not speak good Hausa. Eventually they were replaced, moved to higher classes, or learned Hausa. Newly qualified teachers posed another problem.
They spoke Hausa, but had very little training in teaching it.
The staff available in teachers’ colleges consisted in the main of dignified old gentlemen, veritable repositories of folklore and tradition, ever eager to discuss finer points of language with other scholars, but totally unequipped to teach reading methods.
Writers and the books they produced were of the same type, full of antiquarian information and the archaic vocabulary that went with it. Nobody seemed to write books about what was happening in the 1970′s.
Consequently, a new diploma course had to be set up, new teacher trainers prepared and new books written. The effort continues but change comes slowly.
However, alongside the trends which reinforce the introduction of local language medium, no sign of weakening of emphasis in the teaching of English can be detected.
Politicians, parents and educationists seem determined to try to have their cake and eat it. Theoretically this is perfectly possible.
The experiment at Ife suggests that it is a myth to believe that early introduction of English medium (especially if it is badly handled) can be correlated with eventual better performance in English.
Moreover I firmly believe that children cannot satisfactorily be taught to read in two languages at the same time and that they will be better English readers if they learn it after they have mastered the skill in their mother tongue.
Yet while the maintenance of a degree of competence in two languages is both possible and desirable, it can only conceivably be achieved following a reassessment of present curricular priorities, a recasting of a great deal of current material in school, and a new emphasis on teacher training.
Very naturally and there has been a disinclination to face up to these very daunting issues with their massive implications on educational investment and, perhaps, a subconscious hope that the contradictions would resolve themselves. Unfortunately the language problems will not go away.
They are central to curriculum planning and have to be recognised as such.

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